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#michaelcollins

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On 6 December 1921 the Anglo-Irish Treaty (An Conradh Angla-Éireannach) was signed. The signing of the Treaty ended British rule in most of Ireland and, after a ten-month transitional period overseen by a provisional government, the Irish Free State was created as a self-governing Dominion on 6 December 1922. 1/2

On 21st November 1920 fourteen British intelligence agents, including members of the Cairo Gang, were assassinated in Dublin by the IRA under the command of Michael Collins. Thirty one people were killed in what became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’ (Domhnach na Fola). In the aftermath, fourteen Irish civilians and three IRA prisoners were killed. 1/2

Michael Collins was born on 16 October 1890 in Woodfield, Sam's Cross, County Cork. He was a soldier and politician who was a leading figure in the early-20th century struggle for Irish independence. During the War of Independence he was Director of Intelligence of the IRA and a government minister of the self-declared Irish Republic. He was commander-in-chief of the National Army from July until his death in an ambush in August 1922.

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He is reported as saying:

"The biggest task will be the restoration of the language. How can we express our most subtle thoughts and finest feelings in a foreign tongue? Irish will scarcely be our language in this generation, or even perhaps in the next. But until we have it again on our tongues and in our minds we are not free, and we will produce no important literature.”

Michael Collins (Mícheál Ó Coileáin) was buried on August 28, 1922 in Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin. An estimated 500,000 people lined Sackville Street (O’Connell Street today). Thousands also attended Collins's funeral ceremony at Dublin's Pro Cathedral, including both Irish and foreign dignitaries.
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Michael Collins died on 22 August 1922 in an ambush at Béal na Bláth, County Cork. After his death Collins lay in state for three days. Tens of thousands of mourners filed past his coffin to pay their respects, including many British soldiers departing Ireland who had fought against him. Some 500,000 people attended his funeral mass in Dublin, almost one fifth of the country's population at that time.

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A copy of the telegram from Collins to Churchill says:

We are hampered by the continued lack of material. We were promised two hundred rounds of high explosive at two A.M. The promise was renewed for five eight thirty with like result. The effect of this is to create great lack of confidence on our side amounting to grave suspicion. Essential that action be taken immediately otherwise situation will become impossible." 2/2